It is a birth defect in which one or more of the skull bone joints close prematurely, before the brain is completely formed.
In a normal newborn, there are multiple bones in the skull which are not fused, allowing brain growth. In craniosynostosis, early fusion of skull bones interferes with growth of brain and skull.
SYMPTOMS
- • irregularly shaped head
- • headache
- • learning disabilities
- • eyesight problem
- • vomiting
- • irritability
- • sluggishness and unresponsiveness
- • swollen eyes or difficulty following a moving object
- • hearing difficulties
CAUSES
Craniosynostosis is often classified as nonsyndromic or syndromic.
Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is the most common type, and its cause is still unknown.
However, syndromic craniosynostosis is seen to be associated with certain genetic syndromes, such as Apert syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome and Crouzon syndrome, which can affect a baby`s skull development. Hence, it can occur by genetic mutations and by biomechanical factors, as well as environmental, hormonal and genetical factors.
DIAGNOSIS
- Clinical evaluation by a neurosurgeon.
- X-rays or a CT scan.
- Genetic testing.
TREATMENT METHODS
Craniosynostosis is treated by surgery that opens the fused sutures creating space for brain growth. The type of procedure is decided on basis of sutures involved and age at diagnosis. Often a neurosurgeon, craniofacial surgeon and a plastic surgeon work together as a team. The surgery can either be open or endoscopic.
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