ABOUT THE DISEASE
Keratoconus is an eye disease which causes problem in vision. Cornea, which is the clear, central part of the front surface of the eye is responsible for vision. The cornea normally has a round shape, like a ball. Sometimes, however, the structure of the cornea is just not strong enough to hold this round shape. The normal pressure inside the eye makes the cornea bulge outward like a cone. This abnormal shape prevents the light entering the eye from being focused correctly on the retina and causes distortion of vision and this condition is called keratoconus.
SYMPTOMS
In the initial stages, keratoconus causes slight blurring and distortion of vision and increased sensitivity to glare and light. These symptoms usually appear in the late teens or late 20s. Keratoconus may progress for 10-20 years and then slow in its progression. Each eye may be affected differently. As the disease progresses, the vision may become more distorted. In a small number of cases, the cornea will swell and cause a sudden and significant decrease in vision.
CAUSES
The cause for this disease is unknown, is thought to involve a defect in collagen, the tissue that provides strength to the cornea and gives it it`s shape. Keratoconus usually begins in the teenage years, but it can also start in childhood or up to about age 30. The changes in the shape of the cornea occur slowly, usually over several years.
In most people who have keratoconus, both eyes are eventually affected and most have a history of nearsightedness.
DIAGNOSIS
- Keratometer examination
- Corneal topography
TREATMENT METHODS
In the initial stages Eyeglasses or soft contact lenses may be used to correct the mild nearsightedness and astigmatism. As the disorder progresses and cornea continues to thin and change shape, rigid gas permeable contact lenses can be prescribed to correct vision adequately.
In later stages when cornea becomes cloudy, corneal transplantation might be recommended.
The following newer technologies may delay or prevent the need for corneal transplantation:
- • High-frequency radio energy (conductive keratoplasty) to change the shape of the cornea so contact lenses work better
- • Corneal implants called intracorneal ring segments to change the shape of the cornea so contact lenses work better
- • Collagen cross linking (C3R eye surgery)
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